FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life (QoL). Understanding the multidimensional factors influencing QoL in CHD patients is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and behavioral factors associated with QoL among patients with CHD in Indonesia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 54 CHD patients at a tertiary cardiac center were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: MacNew QoL Questionnaire, MOS Social Support Survey, SISRI-24 for spiritual intelligence, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and a self-care scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.

Results: The mean QoL score was 127.44 (SD = 23.75). Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between QoL and age (p = 0.010), gender (p = 0.001), education level (p = 0.001), revascularization history (p = 0.002), social support (p = 0.001), spiritual intelligence (p = 0.003), self-care (p = 0.017), and depression (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, depression emerged as the strongest predictor of QoL (β = -1.522, p < 0.001), followed by gender (β = -12.826, p = 0.003) and self-care (β = 0.844, p = 0.029). The model explained 70% of the variance in QoL (R² = 0.700).

Conclusion: Depression, gender, and self-care significantly influence QoL among CHD patients. Routine screening and targeted psychosocial interventions are recommended to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.